1. What are the three dimensions of fluency? How can you assess each dimension?
- Accuracy in Word Decoding— You can assess this by calculating the number of words a child can decode accurately at grade level with few errors
- Automatic Processing— You can assess this by looking at students reading rates. This includes calculating the number of words a student reads correctly in 60 seconds on a grade level passage. Readers who fall 20-30% below target rate will require additional instruction
-Prosodic Reading—You can assess this by listening to a child read a grade level passage. During this, judge the quality of the reading using a rubric that scores a student on the elements of expression and volume, phrasing, smoothness, and pace.
2. Rasinski refers to fluency as a “bridge” between decoding and comprehension. What does he mean by the “bridge” metaphor?
- This “bridge” means it would be difficult for a child to get to one without the other. This means that there is a process to get from decoding to comprehension. There is no way just to jump from one to the other so fluency is what takes you from one side to the other.
3. What instructional methods does Rasinski suggest for students with difficulties in automatic and prosodic reading?
-Assisted and repeated readings in order to hear what fluent readers sound like and how fluent readers interpret text with their voices. Get with a partner of the same level and orally read passages. Have a more fluent reader read a passage with a less fluent reader. Practice repeated reading (poetry and scripts) that are meant to be read orally. Model prosodic reading in the classroom so students will get a better idea of how they are supposed to read and speak.
4. Multidimensional Fluency Scale (MFS) is used to measure prosodic quality of oral reading. List components of the MFS and describe what each refers to (p. 49).
-Expression and Volume—reads words with fluency and as if they come natural in conversation with expression. When using a quiet voice it doesn’t make it sound like natural language. Use good expressions and enthusiasm, this varies expression and volume
- Phrasing—student gives attention to expression and reads in segments with good phrasing.
-Smoothness— student reads smoothly and uses self-correction quickly when has difficulty with words but continues on to next word.
-Pace—maintains an appropriate rate as reads throughout passage. The appropriate rate is also normal conversation rate.